Multidimensional Factor Structure of the Modified Child Rearing Practices Report questionnaire (CRPR-Q) in a sample of Portuguese mothers: A bifactor approach

Parental attitudes toward child socialization influence their child-rearing practices, the quality of parent-child relationships, and children’s developmental outcomes. The Modified Child Rearing Practices Questionnaire (CRPR-Q) has been widely used to assess parenting practices across development. However, few studies investigating its two-factorial structure (nurturance restrictiveness) have shown inconsistent findings not explored measurement invariance sex age groups. aims this study were (1) further investigate factorial CRPR-Q, by using bifactor solutions (b-confirmatory factor analysis [B-CFA] b-exploratory structural equation modeling [B-ESEM]) (2) examine CRPR-Q A community sample 589 Portuguese mothers children aged 3 15 years completed CRPR-Q. Our revealed that B-ESEM model best fit data. clear differentiation between two a priori factors was found. our suggest need control for content specificity rely on broader perspective regarding nurturance factor. Measurement observed but These contribute more in-depth understanding underlying relationships among items.